The United States and Saudi Arabia have signed a landmark civil nuclear cooperation agreement that could pave the way for the kingdom to develop its first nuclear power programme, marking a significant step in bilateral relations despite concerns over nuclear proliferation.
The agreement, signed by US Energy Secretary Chris Wright and Saudi Energy Minister Prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, is expected to remain in force for 30 years and will allow American companies to participate in the construction of nuclear facilities in Saudi Arabia.
The deal includes a so-called “123 Agreement”, which establishes the legal framework for US civil nuclear cooperation with foreign countries.
It also provides for a bilateral safeguards arrangement intended to ensure that nuclear technology is used solely for peaceful purposes.
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A key feature of the agreement is the possibility of Saudi Arabia enriching uranium for civilian nuclear energy under strict conditions, although the details of how this would be implemented have not been made public.
The provision has sparked concern among non-proliferation experts and some US lawmakers, who fear it could increase the risk of nuclear weapons development in the region.
The Trump administration has defended the agreement, saying it will strengthen strategic ties with Saudi Arabia, create business opportunities for American firms and help prevent the kingdom from turning to rival powers such as China or Russia for nuclear technology.
The agreement is expected to undergo congressional review, where it is likely to face scrutiny from lawmakers over its non-proliferation safeguards and regional security implications.
